Efecto de la densidad,
el tipo de jaula y el mantenimiento de la camada como grupo sobre los
rendimientos productivos de conejos de 35 a 63 días de edad
Effect of
stocking density, retaining litters and type of cage on growth performances in
rabbits from 35 to 63 days of age.
Alfonso C., García-Rodríguez A., Ortiz A., García-Ruiz A.I.
Nutreco PRRC, Casarrubios del Monte, 45950. Toledo.
C Elect: ai.garcia@nutreco.com
Resumen
El objetivo del
presente trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de la densidad de animales, de mantener
la camada como grupo al destete y del tamaño de la jaula sobre los parámetros
productivos, la mortalidad y la incidencia de agresiones en conejos de 35 a 63
días de edad. Para la prueba se utilizaron un total de 804 conejos destetados a
35 días de edad. A lo largo de la prueba no se observó ningún tipo de agresión
entre los animales. El mantener a los animales de una misma camada juntos
durante la primera fase del cebo (35-49 días) da lugar a animales con un peso y
una ganancia un 3 y un 7% superiores, respectivamente, y un índice de
conversión un 5.5% menor que el de animales mantenidos en grupos procedentes de
distintas camadas. Además, en este primer periodo, los animales alojados a 21
conejos/m2 mostraron un índice de conversión un 5.6 y 2.5% más bajo
que el de los animales alojados a 18 y 16 conejos/m2,
respectivamente. Los animales alojados a 18 conejos/m2 en las jaulas
más grandes (38 x 100 cm) alcanzaron consumos e índices de conversión un 16 y
un 14% más altos, respectivamente, que los animales alojados en jaulas pequeñas
(36 x 45cm). En el periodo global, la densidad afectó significativamente a la
mortalidad (15.3, 11.1 y 6.8% para animales alojados a 16, 21 y 18 conejos/m2,
respectivamente) y los animales alojados en las jaulas más grandes alcanzaron
pesos, ganancias y consumos un 6.5, 11.4 y 10% más altos, respectivamente, que
los animales alojados en jaulas pequeñas. En la primera fase del cebo los
animales deberían alojarse manteniendo las camadas como grupo, a una densidad
entre 18 y 21 conejos/m2 y preferiblemente en jaulas pequeñas. A
partir de la segunda semana de cebo debido al aumento de peso y tamaño de los
animales, el efecto del tamaño y forma de la jaula deberían tenerse en cuenta
antes de establecer futuras recomendaciones.
Palabras clave: densidad, camada,
jaula
Abstract
The aim of the present trial was to study the effect
of stocking density, retaining litters and type of cage by measuring rabbit
performances, mortality and injuries from 35 to 63 days of age. A total of 804
rabbits were used for the experiment. Animals did not show any aggressive
behavior during the trial. From 35 to 49 days of age rabbits located retaining
litters showed a 3 and 7% higher weights at 49 days and weight gains,
respectively, and a 5.5% lower feed conversion rate than animals located mixing
litters. Moreover, during the first fattening period, animals housed at 21
rabbits/m2 showed a 5.6 and 2.5% lower feed conversion rate than animals housed
at 18 and 16 rabbits/m2, respectively. Animals located in the larger cages (38
x 100cm) and at 18 rabbits/m2 reached a 16 and 14% higher feed intake and feed
conversion, respectively, than animals located in the smaller cages (36 x
45cm). In the whole period, density showed a significant effect on mortality
(15.3, 11.1 and 6.8% for 16, 21 and 18 rabbits/m2, respectively) and animals
located in the larger cages reached a 6.5, 11.4 and 10% higher weight at 63
days, weight gains and feed intake, respectively, than animals located in the
smaller cages. In the first fattening period (up to 49 days of age) it could be
advisable to retain litters and to house the rabbits at 18-21 rabbits/m2 and in
small cages. From the second fattening week on, due to the increase in the
animal weight and size, the effect of the cage size should be also taken into
account for further stocking density and available surface recommendations.
COMPORTAMIENTO
PRODUCTIVO DEL GAZAPO POR SEPARACIÓN MADRE CAMADA POR 48 HORAS
Effect of a 48 hours
doe-litter separation on offspring’s growth
Mendoza A. M. B.[1], Salcedo B. R.2 ,
Echegaray T. J. L2, García S. E.
[1] Depto de Enseñanza, Investigación y
Servicio en Zootecnia. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. km 38.5 carr
México-Texcoco. CP 56230. México.C Elect: beamen65@latinmail.com
2 Depto. De Preparatoria Agrícola.
Universidad Autónoma Chapingo.
Resumen
El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto
del bioestimulo (separación madre-camada) por 48 horas a los 10 días de edad
sobre el comportamiento productivo de los conejos. Se realizó en la Unidad de
Producción e Investigación Cunícola del Departamento de Zootecnia (UPICZ), de
la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Utilizaron 136 conejas Nueva Zelanda Blanco.
La inseminación se realizó al día 11 post-parto. Las conejas se dividieron
aleatoriamente en dos grupos, (T1) sin restricción de lactancia y (T2) con
restricción de lactancia por 48 horas. El bioestimulo, se aplicó al día 10
post-parto. En ambos tratamientos se manejaron con lactancia controlada y se
registraron los pesos de la camada antes y después de lactar los días 4, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 21 y 30 para estimar la producción de leche. En la producción de
leche, y el peso de los gazapos a los 21 y 37 días de edad no se encontraron
diferencias significativas (P>0.05) entre tratamientos, obteniéndose pesos
similares al destete. Concluyéndose que la restricción de lactancia por 48
horas a los 10 días de edad no afecta significativamente el comportamiento
productivo de los conejos.
Palabras claves: Bioestimulo, Gazapos, Restricción de
lactancia
Abstract
The objective of this investigation
was to evaluate the effect of biostimulation (separation mother-litter) by 48
hours to the 10 days of age on the productive behaviour of the rabbits. It
was made in the Unit of Production and Cunícola Investigation of the Department
of Zootecnia (UPICZ), of the Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Used 136 rabbits
White New Zealand. The insemination was made to day 11 post-childbirth. The doe
rabbits divided themselves randomly in two groups, (T1) without restriction of
lactation and (T2) with restriction of lactation by 48 hours. Biostimulation
was applied to day 10 post-childbirth. In both treatments they were handled
with controlled lactation and the weights of the litter were registered before
and after suckling days 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 21 and 30 to consider the milk
production. The milk production, and the weight of the rabbits young to the 21
and 37 days of age were not significant differences (P>0.05) between
treatments, obtaining themselves weights similar to the weaning. Concluding
that the restriction of lactation by 48 hours to the 10 days of age
significantly does not affect the productive behavior of the rabbits.
Key words: Biostimulation, Rabbits young, Restriction
of lactation
O
amoníaco como factor de risco da patologia respiratória em populações cunícolas
exploradas intensivamente em instalações tipo “Baticlair”
Ammonia as a risk factor to
respiratory pathology in populations of rabbits farming under intensive system
type
"Baticlair"
Vieira-e-Brito1, F.,
Elisabete Pereira1, E., Vieira-e-Brito1, M., Coelho1,
A.C., e Rodrigues1,2, J.
1Departamento de
Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado
202, 5001-911 Vila Real Codex, 2CECAV Portugal,
C Elect: fbrito@utad.pt
Resumo
O sistema de instalação do tipo
“Baticlair” tem sido pouco estudado no que concerne às condições ambientais
internas, como a concentração de amoníaco e sua adequação às espécies
estudadas.
Neste trabalho pretendeu-se estudar a
presença de amoníaco como factor de risco em coelhos criados intensivamente em
instalações deste tipo. Para a execução deste trabalho visitaram-se 4
explorações (X1, X2, X3 e X4) do tipo “Baticlair”. Em cada uma das explorações
fez-se a quantificação de amoníaco. Após o registo efectuado em cada
exploração, examinaram-se 9 animais em necrópsia, cujos pulmões foram
posteriormente analisados em laboratório. Relativamente à concentração de
amoníaco, encontrou-se a presença deste factor de risco com os seguintes
valores médios para cada exploração: X1=2,5 ppm; X2=2,75 ppm; X3=4,35 ppm;
X4=5,5 ppm.
Palavras-chave: amónia, factor de
risco, “baticlair”, patologia respiratória.
Abstract
Farming rabbits under
intensive system type "Baticlair" is not well studied, in terms of
internal environmental conditions, as the concentration of ammonia. In this
paper we studied ammonia as a risk factor for rabbits farming intensively in
facilities of this type. A prospective study was developed in four
exploitations (X1, X2, X3 and X4) of the type "Baticlair". The
quantification of the exploitations environmental parameters was based on
ammonia concentration. A total of 9 rabbit lungs were examined.
Ammonia concentration media values
for each exploration were: X1=2.5 ppm; X2=2.75 ppm; X3=4.35 ppm; X4=5.5 ppm.
Keywords: ammonia, risk factor,
“baticlair”, respiratory pathology.